[outside the building promote Reprint] of the "master" focused topics - 29-46 39_ breeze

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-29-39 "> history of outside built Key" masttax attorney irsered "46 topic-29-39 author: llqky2008_51el9 fourth article, modern city in the 20th century until World War II background urbanization of historic speed new technology of the revolutionary impact of three phases: 1917-23 years of crisis and new architectural movement 1924-29 years of relative stability and prosperity of 1929-39 years of active and potential crisis in the early 20th century urban planning Legislative, schools In 1909, Britain's first, the city planning In 1909, America's first national city planning session D.B urnham Chicago planning scheme exhibition/Chicago planning committee was established, In the New York 1916 Zoning method-Zoning, my first Germany, Sweden and other European countries planning institutions and legislation of the urban planning is the city government management of urban environment of an important physical and frequent function of garden city, suburban 29. Residential areas and cover, discotheque1903 first garden city - lecce hua siWengWen R.U nwin, paker B.P arker design / 1840 ha/planning 3.5 million people - actual 1.8 million (1917),In 1919 the second garden city - WeiLin970 ha/planning five million population,WengWen, paker sociality of comprehensive community - rural suburbs1905-09, London suburb, subway prudent, change, richResidential density (125-150 residential design standard/ha in 1912, which Gained By Overcrowding)Urban greeningThe boulevard (garden-like suburban residential area),WengWen, paker, the influence on the theory ofScotland biologists regional planning theory people and the environment, urban areas, the integration of urban and rural areasSurvey - analysis - planning scheme work methods 30. Organic evacuation, futuristic, Canberra, E.S aarinen baingio ning to the theory of garden city of elongation At the same time convenient communication and closer to nature The city is an organism Population and job relative downtown evacuated Light-heavy industries evacuation Big Helsinki planning and semi-detached town, Praise machine, speed, stereo, a huge futuristic, Gayle Finn Canberra planning 1911 international competition bid-winning scheme 30 square kilometers / 2.5 million people, south zheng north live Make full use of landform forming good landscape Square, radiation way, cobweb road The garden city 31. New building exercise on the influence of urban planning , > Theory and practice both the new building movement wbr> Lattice robbie uzW.Gropius Smith who DE ROMMies Van Der Rohe Le le corbusier west ellaLe Corbusier, Main ideological system: Attention use function New materials, new structure and the use of new technologies Attention economy Create new era style Emphasizes building space br> Le corbusier west essien - tomorrow's city, Relying on new technology, positive views - city centralism, In 1922 the tomorrow's city "and" sunshine town in 1933, " Urban planning ideas: Technical improvement of the central business district The skyscraper - the new beliefs of solving an old problem (overcrowding) Reasonable distribution of urban district of density High efficiency of the urban transportation system, 300 million people of the city, tomorrow Voison planning - rebuilt Paris ChangXiangQu, central area Lattice robbie uz etc. New residential area of experiment and practice 32. British umkreisen and garden city construction , Concept - WengWen 1922 "satellite city construction" Greater London regional planning concept, 1930 paker a third satellite cities construction - neville's XiaoWei 10 million Rely on home city Public transportation system Neighbourhood units, the practice Impact - 100 kilometers within the scope of the Moscow umkreisen planning community movement, neighbourhood units, with close theory British theory of garden city under the influence of American community movement Mans ford area city theory Si Thai grace Stein automobile traffic and big neighborhood theory Grace. Radburn system (large neighborhoods, grading/end type garage system, the complete separation of pedestrian system, into the housing), group In 1929 perry Neighbourhood units Neighbourhood Unit concept >Primary service radius, 1,000 households / 5000 people, road traffic sex is bounded, supporting commercial service facilities, keep on landscape, native concept, The close QuPu Tripp Precincts theory Big neighborhoods with new transport system, road grading, high-speed trunk road, reduce branch building regional planning and along the street Since the 1920's, first arrogant in urban areas and industrial and mining areas, began English: 1 million population, the R50KM YiBo cloning, than planning American: New York and its surrounding the regional planning, Germany: center, to theory (former Soviet union: large industrial projects, new city, LiaoYangOu 33, Athens charter In 1929 established international modern architecture association, CIAM In 1933, Athens conference charter: Modern urban four functions: live, work, YouXi, and traffic From man's requirement, safe and convenient neighbourhood units Urban public green space and scenic zone Against great ostentation and extravagance Protect scenic spots and historical sites and ancient buildings Attention, urban space effect Meaning: to adjust to city new changes, challenge obsolete concepts, the powerful vitality 34 wide mu, with shape cities and urban development, refers to shape Arrogant Wright wright-phillips andhis wide mu City (City) Broadacres From urban decentralism - to the city's negative (disaffection, miss Wisconsin independent life on a farm, the harmony of human and nature, every one acres (4047 square meters), relying on cheap electricity supply and rapid transit system), Take shape cities and city refers to shape development From matamoros with form city theory (to control urban width, partition continuous parallel belt (big traffic, industrial, greening, residence, parks and education, natural boundary and green belt) and strive to minimum pollution, unlimited extension) of the 1930's Moscow planning , Resolution: preserving historic city the basic pattern, rectify streets and squares, transforming Moscow, system It is prohibited to construct new industrial enterprise, Expanding urban size to 500 square kilometers, Peripheral forest green, green belt and wedge Advanced transportation system (vast subway, electrification of suburban railway), Open water, port city, the construction Pay attention to the city, combining classical art and artistic late 1940s new buildings post-war society situationWar destruction: restoring production, solve took, rebuilding the city; Artificial drawbacks: pessimism various 35. Discuss: big London (rebuild) planning (1944) and its influence 6731 square kilometers / 1250 million greater London planning Single center, concentric circles, radiation + loop, increase afforestation London county 48 km radius of four spheres: inner circle: reduce the construction and population density, improve the inner city function Suburban circle: good dwelling place, supplementary afforestation8 kilometers wide green allowing: restrictions, stadiums and agricultural baseOuter ring: population evacuation and industrial enterprises1946 the new law and satellite, neighbourhood units attempt problem: poor discongest and inconvenience (60 's urban corridor and opposite magnetic force set up the first generation of central city) British xincheng - hello,Size: 8 million, 26 km2,Structure: on both sides of the industry, four residential area (13 neighbourhood units),Independent walking and bicycle system,Simple automotive road, downtown, centralized parkingPay attention to city special features and landscape shape (location, physiognomy, using)Question: in small scale, development slow, employment poor, circumfluence phenomenon. Harvard reconstruction of France, MichaelBy Fresnel industrial city and the direct impact, thoughtIndustrialization - module systemCities, roads, facilities, building, the wide use of prefabricated,Classical composition gimmickCross trunk road, central plaza, building signs (18 storeys city hall and St. Joseph, church)Simple insipid dft-based coriolis living entity and marseille, apartmentCity - residential complexes,Marseille apartment: 17 layer, 334 elihu compositive experiment content 20 1950s 36. The urbanization and movement suburbanization Urban population increase, the third industry development and urban periphery of Periurbanization --- urbanization Based on modern traffic, communication means the Suburbanization of Suburbanization The Metropolitan Region Metropolitan Region City-gathering district Urban Agglomeration Urban agglomeration in the City Cluster37.50 newtown construction: the 1950s British newtown construction, 50 's Sweden, Japan and the Soviet newtown construction 1950s British newtown construction 1946 xincheng method and 1947 urban-rural planning - Britain ---����빤��ƽ�⡢ƽ�⡢����������³� The 1950s before the first generation xincheng 14 The second generation xincheng: NuoErDe camp " Larger, more compact concentration and flexible Complete one car separate traffic system Rich mountainous landscape and residential 50 's Sweden, Japan and the Soviet newtown construction Sweden xincheng - WeiLin than Smaller, several new town composed a new city, setting centralized central service Japan Trinidad xincheng Large scale, relying on big cities and public transportation system, centralized set xincheng service centre (near the station) Car separation system the drawbacks The Soviet union xincheng - ze column debbi lete The largest scale, greening more concise and rich, layout, the site well, population development quick, centralized set the city center Architecture is inflexible, no pleasant dimension, simple mechanical 50 's commercial walk street, suburban shopping: center and underground mall Tradition and formation: a pedestrian area, square space and car separation design - Walk street - in Rotterdam, the Netherlands Lin baron World war ii damage, near the road, graphic design,unified design, simple, conceptualization, demonstration significance Suburban shopping centers in the United States 20 's beginning, 50' s development, taking bus traffic as the foundation, the large-scale, suburbanization American indoor street Glass ceiling etc, connecting large-scale building and outdoor environment sketch indoor melt, the level and perpendicular traffic modes, humanization Japan's underground mall Land tension caused, urban land use integratedly, advanced transportation and environmental facilities 50 's new cities: India's DiJia chang, Brasilia, of north Korea's yongbyon reconstruction Le corbusier west ella ambition - India's DiJia chang In 1951, planning, 15-50 million, new capital wbr> Simulation of the planning idea of biology Whole and exquisite design - roads, construction Functional partition clear - Athens charter reflect and drawbacks The new Brazilian capital - Brasilia In 1956, planning, strong symbolic significance Structure is clear, and the zoning clear Outstanding city center design - concise and expression Scale imbalance, impersonal, urban design is simplified Of north Korea's yongbyon reconstruction In 1956 began the five-year plan, winged spirit All the new city, with people as the core of the construction principle >Note city topography utilization Scale control and land-use restrictions Central design in 1950s science city Objective: the long development technology and national economy Content: the scientific research institutions, colleges and universities and production enterprises to form In the Soviet union Novosibirsk, for example: The site and use - beautiful scenery, afforest environment is good Partition is clear and the structure clear, convenient life Complete separate traffic system Perfect life supporting facilities Consider long-term development room 50 's European ancient city and ancient architecture protection Historical nihilism and a winner insane passion - phased development The ancient Roman architectural and protection Overall plan - another built new town For the protection of the purpose and adjust the planning and construction Sectors.the protection attitude - discover a protection piece Protection status and not back, archaeological park Grading partition protection, legislation protect Europe - into area sliced protection - overall protection mode 50 's residential area Solve took, scale development, living Change in neighborhoods mode, optimized living environment attempt Modern design idea, pay attention to the person's life need Neighbourhood units, residential area and expand the residential area, residential area, community, the saemaul basic concepts Problems of simplified and diversity 38. The regional planning and territorial control Goal: the comprehensive utilization of land and resourceswbr> Resources exploitation and protection of the systematic Drive lifo area harmonious/unified development Big cities and the surrounding the redevelopment of the A more reasonable industry layout The central place theory and growth pole nuclear theory Regional network model, growth pole nuclear strategy, urban points, regionalization planning thought very development City-gathering district The Dutch town ring group, green heart metropolis, metropolis of functional separation, polycentric urban concept Territorial control plans - Japan, France, Germany, Soviet etc. 39 urban environment discipline the rise and CIAM tenth group6, CIAM 10th group of urban design basic ideas Resources and environment problems - trigger People, nature, architecture, environment comprehensive discipline Integrity Holism design train of thought - far-reaching influence Team10 was established in 1955 Starting point - concern people and society needs Clusters of city's assumptionswbr> Floating point of view Growth point of view Change of thought since 1960s almostfounda Urban planning towards more emphasized and comprehensivized Urbanizedadvancement acceleration (urban population rapidly increasing, urban functional structure change, medium and small cities of different development strategy) The development of urban agglomerations and regional planning (centre theory: pole nuclear and balanced development, more cities interlocking region megalopolis) The modernization of urban management technology Science city construction